Identify the structures of the carotid triangle.

1. Identify the ansa cervicalis. (G 8.10;N 31;Gl 39.30) Carefully trace the ansa cervicalis to the infrahyoid muscles.  
Important Relationships
• The ansa cervicalis (inferior root) passes lateral (superficial) to the internal jugular vein.
• The ansa cervicalis (superior root) is positioned anterior to the internal jugular vein.
2. Indentify the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. (G 8.10;N 34;Gl 39.28C)
Important Relationships
• The vagus nerve is positioned posterior-medial to the internal jugular vein and posterior-lateral to the common carotid artery.
• The internal jugular vein is positioned lateral to the carotid artery.
• The external carotid artery is positioned anterior to the internal carotid artery.
3. Identify the internal and external carotid arteries where they bifurcate at the level of the hyoid bone.
4. Identify the superior thyroid artery. (G 8.10;N 33;Gl 39.30) Trace this vessel in the inferior direction to the thyroid gland.
5. (ON THE RIGHT SIDE) Identify the facial and lingual arteries. (G Table 8.5A;N 33;Gl 39.30) The lingual and facial arteries often have a common origin from the external carotid artery. Trace the facial artery from its origin to the face. Attempt to identify its submental branch.
Important Relationships
• The facial artery passes medial (deep) to the stylohyoid muscle and the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle.
6. Identify the hypoglossal nerve and the occipital artery. (G 8.10;N 33;Gl 34.6B & 34.23) The hypoglossal nerve crosses lateral to the occipital artery and is often crossed by the SCM branch of the occipital artery. Return to the ansa cervicalis. Trace its superior root to the hypoglossal nerve. Attempt to identify the thyrohyoid nerve appearing to branch from the hypoglossal nerve. Trace the hypoglossal nerve in the anterior direction until it passes deep to the mylohyoid muscle.
Important Relationships
• The hypoglossal nerve passes medial (deep) to the stylohyoid muscle and the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle and lateral (superficial) to the hyoglossus muscle.
• During its posterior course, the occipital artery first passes medial (deep) and then lateral (superficial) to the hypoglossal nerve.
7. Identify the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. (G 8.13;N 74;Gl 39.25) Locate this nerve where it pierces the thyrohyoid membrane (lateral aspect of the larynx and immediately inferior to the hyoid bone). Attempt to identify the superior laryngeal artery and external laryngeal nerve.