Lower Extremities Summary

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The femoral nerve passes anterior to the hip joint and posterior (deep) to the inguinal ligament.
The external iliac (femoral) artery passes posterior (deep) to the inguinal ligament.
The femoral artery passes posterior (deep) to the sartorius muscle.
At the level of the inguinal ligament, the femoral artery is positioned lateral to the femoral vein and medial to the femoral nerve.
Within the femoral triangle, the iliopsoas muscle is positioned directly posterior (deep) to the femoral nerve, artery and vein.
At the level of the femoral triangle, the pectineus muscle is positioned directly posterior (deep) to the femoral nerve, artery and vein.
The lateral circumflex femoral artery passes anterior and lateral to the femur.
In its anterior to posterior course, the medial circumflex femoral artery passes directly lateral to the pectineus muscle.
The medial circumflex femoral artery passes directly medial to the iliopsoas muscle.
The obturator nerve passes directly inferior to the superior pubic ramus.
The adductor brevis muscle is positioned posterior to the adductor longus and anterior to the adductor magnus muscle.
The profunda femoris artery is positioned anterior to the adductor magnus muscle.
The medial perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery pass medial and posterior to the femur (shaft).
The gluteus maximus muscle is positioned superficial to the gluteus medius muscle.
The gluteus medius muscle is positioned superior to the piriformis muscle.
The inferior gluteal artery and nerve pass directly inferior to the piriformis muscle.
The sciatic nerve is positioned deep (anterior) to the gluteus maximus muscle (see cross section) and passes inferior to the piriformis muscle (see 3D dissection).
The gluteus medius muscle is positioned superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle.
The superior gluteal artery and nerve pass directly superior to the piriformis muscle and superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle.
The piriformis muscle is positioned superior to the tendon of the obturator internus (and gemelli muscles).
The sacrotuberous ligament passes posterior (superficial) to the sacrospinous ligament.
The obturator internus muscle passes inferior to the sacrospinous ligament.
The obturator internus muscle passes anterior (deep) to the sacrotuberous ligament.
The tendon of the obturator internus (and gemelli muscles) is positioned superior to the quadratus femoris muscle.
The tendon of the obturator internus muscle passes posterior to the femur (neck).
The obturator externus muscle passes posterior to the femur (neck).
At its distal attachment, the tendon of the obturator externus muscle is positioned directly inferior to the tendon of the obturator internus.
The sciatic nerve passes posterior to the obturator internus tendon, and gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles.
At a mid-thigh level, the sciatic nerve is positioned posterior to the femur (shaft) and deep to the hamstring muscles.
Within the popliteal fossa, the common peroneal (fibular) nerve is positioned lateral to the tibial nerve.
The sural nerve passes posterior to the fibula (lateral malleolus).
The tibial nerve passes posterior to the knee joint.
The popliteal artery is positioned posterior to the knee joint.
The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle passes posterior to the tibia (medial malleolus).
At the ankle, the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle is positioned posterior-lateral to the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle.
At the ankle, the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle is positioned anterior-medial to the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle.
Near the ankle, the tibial nerve is positioned anterior-medial to the flexor hallucis longus muscle.
The tibial nerve passes posterior to the tibia (medial malleolus).
Near the ankle, the posterior tibial artery is positioned posterior-lateral to the flexor digitorum longus muscle.
Near the ankle, the posterior tibial artery is positioned anterior-medial to the flexor hallucis longus muscle.
The posterior tibial artery passes posterior to the tibia (medial malleolus).
The tendon of the peroneus brevis muscle passes posterior to the fibula (lateral malleolus).
The tendon of the peroneus longus muscle passes posterior to the fibula (lateral malleolus).
The common peroneal (fibular) nerve passes directly superficial (lateral) to the neck of the fibula.
The anterior tibial artery and deep peroneal nerve are positioned lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle.
The anterior tibial artery and deep peroneal nerve are positioned medial to the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
At the ankle, the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle is positioned medial to the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus muscle.
At the ankle, the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle is positioned lateral to the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle.
At the ankle, the dorsalis pedis artery is positioned directly lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
The iliofemoral ligament passes anterior to the neck of the femur.
The ischiofemoral ligament passes posterior to the head and superior to the neck of the femur.
The pubofemoral ligament is positioned inferior to the hip joint.
The biceps femoris (tendon) muscle is positioned lateral to the fibular collateral ligament.
At the level of the knee, the gracilis muscle (tendon) is positioned posterior to the sartorius muscle (tendon).
At the level of the knee, the gracilis muscle (tendon) is positioned anterior to the semitendinosus muscle (tendon).
The iliotibial tract passes lateral to the knee joint.
The anterior cruciate ligament passes lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament.
The flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) passes inferior to the calcaneus (sustentaculum tali).
The sustentaculum tali is not labeled. It is the calcaneal projection just anterior-lateral to the tendon in the cross section.
In the deep foot, the flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) passes inferior to the flexor hallucis longus (tendon).
The plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament is positioned inferior to the talus (head).
The peroneus longus muscle (tendon) passes deep (superior) to the long plantar ligament.

Overview