View as PDF

1. Vertebrae
   1. Body
      1. Costal facet (L. costa, rib; Fr. facette, small smooth area on a bone)
         function - articulates with head of rib
   2. Spaces
      1. Vertebral foramen & canal (L. an aperature)
         function - houses spinal cord
      2. Vertebral notches (indentation at the edge of a bone)
         1. Intervertebral foramen
            function - transmits spinal nerves & radicular vessels
   3. Neural arch
      1. Pedicle (L. pediculus, foot)
         1. Transverse process (bony projection)
            1. Costotubercular facet
               function - articulates with rib
         2. Superior articular process
            1. superior articular facet
               function - articulates with adjacent vertebra
         3. Inferior articular process
            1. Inferior articular facet
               function - articulates with adjacent vertebra
      2. Lamina (L. plate, leaf)
      3. Spinous process
         attachments - trapezius, rhomboids, spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus & rotatares muscles, and supraspinous lig.
2. Sacrum
   1. Base
      function - articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebra
   2. Promontory (projection)
      attachments - anterior longitudinal ligament
   3. Ala (L. wing)
   4. Pelvic Surface
      attachments - piriformis muscle
      1. Pelvic sacral foramina (L. pelvis, basin)
         function - transmits ventral rami of sacral nerves & lateral sacral arteries
   5. Dorsal surface
      1. Dorsal sacral foramina
         function - transmits dorsal rami of sacral nerves
      2. Median sacral crest (spinous processes) (L. crista, bony ridge)
         attachments - erector spinae & gluteus maximus muscles
      3. Lateral sacral crest
         attachments - erector spinae & gluteus maximus muscles
   6. Apex (L. summit or tip)
      function - articulates with coccyx
   7. Sacral canal
      function - houses sacral spinal roots
3. Coccyx (G. kokkyx, a cuckoo)
   attachments - coccygeus muscle (trunk)
4. Ribs
   1. Head
      1. Articular facet
         function - articulates with body of vertebrae
   2. Neck
   3. Shaft
      1. Angle
      2. Tubercle (L. tuber, a swelling)
         1. Articular facet
            function - articulates with transverse process
      3. Costal groove
         function - houses intercostal vein, artery & nerve
      4. Scalene tubercle (1st rib)
         attachments - anterior scalene muscle to 1st rib
      5. Grooves for the subclavian artery & vein (1st rib)
5. Sternum (G. sternon, the chest)
   1. Manubrium (L. handle)
      1. Jugular notch (L. jugulum, throat)
      2. Clavicular notch & facet (L. clavicula, small key)
         function - articulates with clavicle
      3. Costal notch & facet for 1st rib
   2. Body
      1. Sternal angle
      2. Costal notches
         function - articulate with ribs 2-7
   3. Xiphoid process (G. xiphos, sword)
      attachments - diaphragm
6. Inominate (L. with no name)
   1. Ilium (L. flank)
      1. Iliac crest
         attachments - external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis & quadratus lumborum
         1. Anterior superior iliac spine (short, sharp bony process)
            attachments - inguinal ligament
         2. Greater sciatic notch (L. sciaticus, the hip joint)
            function - transmits piriformis muscle, superior & inferior gluteal a., & sciatic, pudendal & superior & inferior gluteal nerves
         3. Arcuate line (L. arcuatus, bowed)
         4. Iliopublic eminence (L. to stand out, project)
            attachments - pubofemoral ligament
      2. Iliac fossa (L. a trench or ditch)
         attachments - iliacus muscle
      3. Iliac tuberosity
         attachments - dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac & iliolumbar ligs.
   2. Pubis (pubic bone)
      1. Body
         1. Crest
            attachments - rectus abdominis m.
         2. Tubercle
            attachments - inguinal ligament
      2. Superior pubic ramus
         1. Pecten pubis (pectineal line) (L. comb)
            attachments - conjoined tendon, & lacunar & pectineal ligs.
         2. Obturator groove
            function - transmits obturator nerve, artery & vein
      3. Inferior pubic ramus
         attachments - ischiocavernosus muscle
   3. Ischium (G. ischion, hip joint, haunch)
      1. Body
         1. Lesser sciatic notch
            function - transmits obturator internus tendon, pudendal n., & internal pudendal artery & vein
         2. Ischial spine
            attachments - sacrospinous ligament
      2. Ischial ramus
      3. Ischial tuberosity
         attachments - sacrotuberous ligament
      4. Obturator foramen

Prev Next