Identify the deep structures of the anterior neck.

1. Identify the brachiocephalic veins and the brachiocephalic artery. (G 1.62;N 200;Gl 8.4)
2. Return to the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries. Trace these arteries in the proximal direction back towards their origin. Identify the thyrocervical trunk. (G 8.17;N 32;Gl 39.28D) Identify the inferior thyroid and ascending cervical arteries. Trace the inferior thyroid artery to the thyroid gland.
Important Relationships
• The left brachiocephalic vein passes anterior to both the left common carotid and brachiocephalic arteries.
• The left phrenic nerve passes posterior to the left brachiocephalic vein.
• The inferior thyroid artery passes deep (posterior-medial) to the common carotid artery.
• The ascending cervical artery is positioned directly anterior to the anterior scalene muscle.
3. Trace the thyrocervical trunk to the subclavian artery. Identify the internal thoracic and vertebral arteries. (G 8.17B;N 32 & 200;Gl 39.28D) On the left side of the cadaver, identify the thoracic duct where it drains into the brachiocephalic vein. The thoracic duct passes posterior to the arch of the aorta and origin of the common carotid artery before passing anterior to the vertebral artery and thyrocervical trunk. It is often filled with blood where it enters the brachiocephalic vein and appears like a small venous tributary.
Important Relationship
• The thoracic duct passes anterior to the left subclavian artery and phrenic nerve, and posterior to the common carotid artery, vagus nerve and internal jugular vein.
4. Identify the inferior thyroid vein. (G 8.16A;N 74) Attempt to identify the parathyroid glands in the isolated thyroid gland. Identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the tracheoesophageal groove. Trace the recurrent layngeal nerve to the larynx (superior direction) and to its origin from the vagus nerve (inferior direction). (G 8.17;N 75;Gl 39.28). Attempt to identify the left recurrent laryngeal nerve without removing the left lobe of the thyroid gland.
Important Relationships
• The trachea is positioned directly anterior to the esophagus.
• The recurrent laryngeal nerve is positioned lateral to the trachea.
• The right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes inferior and posterior to the right subclavian artery.
• The vagus nerves pass directly anterior to the subclavian arteries.