We will be using directional terms that relate to the human body in the standard anatomical position. These terms are up-to-date and in common usage by the medical community.

Posterior or Dorsal - near the back

Anterior or Ventral - near the belly

Superior - above or higher

Inferior - below or lower

Midline - midsagittal or median

Medial - near midline

Lateral - away from midline

Superficial - near surface

Deep - opposite of superficial

Proximal - near the trunk (usually in reference to the limbs)

Distal - away from the trunk (usually in reference to the limbs)

Palmar - pertaining to the palm of the hand

Plantar - pertaining to the sole of the foot

Ipsilateral - on the same side

Contralateral - on the opposite side

Extension - jointed parts drawn away from each other

Flexion - jointed parts drawn toward each other

Adduction - movement toward midline

Abduction - movement away from midline

Prone - lying with the face downward; of the hand, palm downward

Supine - lying on the back or on the dorsum or with the dorsum turned downward