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1. Vertebrae
   1. Body
      1. Costal facet (L. costa, rib; Fr. facette, small smooth area on a bone)
         function - articulates with head of rib
   2. Spaces
      1. Vertebral foramen & canal (L. an aperature)
         function - houses spinal cord
      2. Vertebral notches (indentation at the edge of a bone)
         1. Intervertebral foramen
            function - transmits spinal nerves & radicular vessels
   3. Neural arch
      1. Pedicle (L. pediculus, foot)
         1. Transverse process (bony projection)
            1. Costotubercular facet
               function - articulates with rib
         2. Superior articular process
            1. Superior articular facet
               function - articulates with adjacent vertebra
         3. Inferior articular process
            1. Inferior articular facet
               function - articulates with adjacent vertebra
      2. Lamina (L. plate, leaf)
      3. Spinous process
         attachments - trapezius, rhomboids, spinalis, erector spinae & transversospinalis m. and supraspinous lig.
2. Sacrum
   1. Base
      function - articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebra
   2. Promontory (projection)
      attachments - anterior longitudinal lig.
   3. Ala (L. wing)
   4. Pelvic Surface
      attachments - piriformis m.
      1. Pelvic sacral foramina (L. pelvis, basin)
         function - transmits ventral rami of sacral nerves & lateral sacral arteries
   5. Dorsal surface
      attachments - erector spinae & gluteus maximus m.
      1. Dorsal sacral foramina
         function - transmits dorsal rami of sacral nerves
   6. Apex (L. summit or tip)
      function - articulates with coccyx
   7. Sacral canal
      function - houses sacral spinal roots
3. Coccyx (G. kokkyx, a cuckoo)
   attachments - coccygeus muscle (trunk)

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