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1. Typical spinal nerve
   1. Ventral root
      function - carries axons from lower motor neurons (skeletal muscle innervation), preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons (ventral roots T1-L2) and preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons (ventral roots S2-4)
   2. Dorsal root
      function - carries axons from primary sensory neurons innervating skin, fascia, joints, muscles, bones, blood vessels and/or viscera
      1. Dorsal root ganglion
         function - houses cell bodies of primary sensory neurons
   3. Ventral ramus
      function - carries axons from primary sensory neurons, lower motor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons (ventral rami S2-4 also carry axons from preganglionic parasympathetic neurons) innervating anterior neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, pelvic wall, upper extremity and lower extremity
   4. Dorsal ramus
      function - carries axons from primary sensory neurons, lower motor neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating posterior neck and back structures (skin, fascia, muscles, ligaments, bones, joints & vessels)
2. Spinal Cord
   1. Surface features
      1. Cervical enlargement
      2. Lumbar enlargement
      3. Conus [L. cone] medularis
   2. Meninges
      1. Dura [L. hard] mater
      2. Arachnoid [G. spider like] mater
      3. Pia [L. tender] mater

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