Sitting, standing, lying supine, or lying prone
Ask the patient to remove shoes and socks to allow direct palpation on the skin.
Lateral or anterior to the patient.
(With the patient sitting) May I touch your foot to guide your foot motion? (or point to the area).
Please bring your foot up, point your toes outward, and turn the sole of your foot out at the same time. Then bring your foot down, point your toes inward, and turn the sole of your foot in at the same time (or demonstrate, which is much easier).
Please bring your foot up, point your toes outward, and turn the sole of your foot out at the same time. Then bring your foot down, point your toes inward, and turn the sole of your foot in at the same time (or demonstrate, which is much easier).
The joints of the ankle, subtalar, and midtarsal joints are triplanar joints and have the motions of pronation and supination. Pronation consists of dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion. Supination consists of plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion. The axes of motion for each of the joints varies but are always from lateral plantar posterior to a medial dorsal anterior direction. The largest component of pronation and supination at the subtalar joint is eversion and inversion. The midtarsal joint has significant abduction and adduction and eversion and inversion.
Starting with the patient relaxed and sitting (or other position), either demonstrate and ask or guide the patient to do the following motions:
Foot pronation and supination
If you wish to distinguish the components of pronation and supination, then ask the patient to perform the component motions:
Starting with the patient relaxed and sitting (or other position), either demonstrate and ask or guide the patient to do the following motions:
Foot pronation and supination
If you wish to distinguish the components of pronation and supination, then ask the patient to perform the component motions:
- Foot dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, bringing the foot up and down, respectively.
- Foot abduction and adduction, bringing the foot away from the midline of the body and toward the midline of the body, respectively.
- Foot eversion and inversion, turning the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body and toward the midline of the body, respectively.
VH ñ Tibia, fibula, and foot skeleton ñ anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius and soleus and Achilles tendon added to one side, only bones on the other side