Lower Extremities Summary

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Inominate (L. with no name)
1. Ilium (L. flank)
  1. Iliac crest
    1. Anterior superior iliac spine (short, sharp bony process)
      attachments - inguinal lig., sartorius & tensor fascia lata m.
    2. Tubercle of crest
      attachments - external oblique
  2. Anterior border
    1. Anterior inferior iliac spine
      attachments - rectus femoris m. & iliofemoral lig
  3. Posterior border
    attachments - sacrotuberous lig.
    1. Posterior superior iliac spine
      attachments - gluteus maximus m.
    2. Greater sciatic notch (L. sciaticus, the hip joint)
      function - transmits piriformis m., superior & inferior gluteal a. & v., internal pudendal a. & v., & sciatic, pudendal, & superior & inferior gluteal n.
  4. Gluteal surface
    attachments - gluteus maximus, gluteus medius & gluteus minimis m.
    1. Posterior gluteal line
    2. Anterior gluteal line
    3. Inferior gluteal line
  5. Iliac fossa (L. a trench or ditch)
    attachments - iliacus m.
  6. Sacropelvic surface
    1. Iliac tuberosity
      attachments - dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac & iliolumbar lig, & quadratus lumborum m.
    2. Articular surface
      function - articulates with sacrum
2. Pubis (pubic bone)
  1. Body
    1. Pubic crest
      attachments - rectus abdominis & adductor longus m.
    2. Tubercle
      attachments - inguinal lig.
  2. Superior pubic ramus
    attachments - pectineus, obturator internus & obturator externus m.
    1. Pecten pubis (pectineal line) (L. comb)
      attachments - conjoined tendon, & lacunar & pectineal ligs.
    2. Obturator groove
      function - transmits obturator n., a. & v.
    3. Iliopubic eminence (L. to stand out, project)
      attachments - pubofemoral lig.
  3. Inferior pubic ramus
    1. External surface
      attachments - gracilis, adductor brevis & obturator externus m.
    2. Internal surface
      attachments - obturator internus m.
3. Ischium (G. ischion, hip joint, haunch)
  1. Body
    1. Lesser sciatic notch
      function - transmits obturator internus tendon, pudendal n., & internal pudendal a. & v.
    2. Ischial spine
      attachments - sacrospinous lig. & superior gemellus m.
  2. Ischial ramus
    1. Anterior surface
      attachments - obturator externus & adductor magnus m.
    2. Posterior surface
      attachments - obturator internus m.
  3. Ischial tuberosity
    attachments - sacrotuberous lig., & adductor magnus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris & quadratus femoris m.
  4. Obturator foramen
    function - transmits the obturator n., a. & v.
4. Acetabulum
  1. Lunate surface
    functions - articulates with head of femur
  2. Notch
    attachments - lig. of the head of the femur (teres)
Femur (L. thigh)
1. Head
  1. Fovea (L. pit)
    attachments - lig. of the head (teres)
2. Neck
  1. Intertrochanteric line
    attachments - joint capsule, iliofemoral lig. & vastus lateralis & vastus medialis m.
  2. Intertrochanteric crest
    1. Quadrate tubercle
      attachments - quadratus femoris m.
3. Shaft
  1. Lesser trochanter (G. trochanter, a runner)
    attachments - iliopsoas m.
  2. Greater trochanter
    attachments - piriformis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimis & vastus lateralis m.
    1. Trochanteric fossa
      attachments - obturator internus & externus m.
  3. Gluteal tuberosity
    attachments - gluteus maximus, adductor magnus & vastus lateralis m.
  4. Linea aspera (L. rough line)
    attachments - adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, short head of biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, & vastus medialis m. & intermuscular septum
4. Distal end
  1. Medial supracondylar line
    attachments - vastus medialis m.
  2. Lateral supracondylar line
    attachments - short head of biceps femoris m.
  3. Popliteal surface
    attachments - medial head of gastrocnemius & plantaris m.
  4. Medial epicondyle
    1. Adductor tubercle
      attachments - adductor magnus m.
  5. Lateral epicondyle
    attachments - lateral head of the gastrocnemius m.
  6. Medial condyle (G. knuckle)
  7. Lateral condyle
  8. Intercondylar fossa
    attachments - anterior & posterior cruciate lig.
  9. Patellar surface
    function - articulates with patella
Patella (L. small plate)
1. Anterior surface
2. Posterior surface
  1. Facet for lateral femoral condyle
  2. Facet for medial femoral condyle
3. Apex
  attachments - patellar lig.
4. Base
  attachments - quadriceps femoris m.
Tibia
1. Proximal end
  1. Medial condyle
  2. Lateral condyle
    attachments - iliotibial tract
  3. Anterior intercondylar area
    attachments - mensici & anterior cruciate lig.
  4. Intercondylar eminence
  5. Posterior intercondylar area
    attachments - menisci & posterior cruciate lig.
  6. Fibular facet
    function - articulates with fibula
  7. Tibial tuberosity
    attachments - patellar lig.
2. Shaft
  1. Medial surface
  2. Lateral surface
  3. Anterior border
  4. Interosseous border
    attachments - interosseous membrane
  5. Posterior surface
    1. Soleal line
      attachments - soleus & popliteus m.
3. Distal end
  1. Lateral surface
    1. Fibular notch
      function - articulates with fibula
  2. Medial malleolus (L. a hammer)
    attachments - deltoid lig.
Fibula
1. Head
  function - articulates with tibia
  attachments - biceps femoris m.
2. Shaft
  attachments - interosseous membrane, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius & tibialis posterior m.
3. Lateral malleolus
  function - articulates with talus
Tarsal bones
1. Talus (L. ankle bone)
  1. Head
  2. Body
    function - articulates with tibia
2. Calcaneus (L. the heel)
  attachments - extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis m.
  1. Sustentaculum tali (L. sustentare, to support)
    1. Groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon
  2. Calcaneal tuberosity
    attachments - calcaneal tendon, abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum accessorius & flexor digitorum brevis m.
3. Navicular (L. navicula, boat)
  attachments - tibialis posterior m.
4. Medial cuneiform (L. cuneus, wedge)
  attachments - peroneus longus & tibialis anterior m.
5. Intermediate cuneiform
  attachments - tibialis posterior m.
6. Lateral cuneiform
7. Cuboid (G. resembles a cube)
  attachments - flexor hallucis brevis m.
Metatarsals
1. Base
  function - articulates with tarsals
  attachments - adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus (1), peroneus tertius (5), tibialis anterior (1) & tibialis posterior (2-4) m.
2. Shaft
  attachments - plantar & dorsal interossei
3. Head
  function - articulates with proximal phalanx
  attachments - adductor hallucis m.
Phalanges
1. Base
  function - articulates with metatarsal of proximal phalanx
  attachments - abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucus, adductor hallucis, dorsal interossei, extensor digitorum longus (2-5), extensor hallucis brevis, extensor hallucis longus (1), flexor digitorum longus (2-5), flexor digiti minimi, flexor hallucis brevis & flexor hallucis longus (1) m.
2. Shaft
  attachments - flexor digitorum brevis, dorsal interossei & palmar interossei m.
3. Head
  function - articulates with distal phalanx

Overview